Hydrogen Production Performance of a 10-Cell Planar Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack

J. E. O’Brien; C. M. Stoots; J. S. Herring; J. Hartvigsen

doi:10.1115/1.2179435

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology | Volume 3 | Issue 2 | Research Paper

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RESEARCH PAPERS

Hydrogen Production Performance of a 10-Cell Planar Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack

J. E. O’Brien, C. M. Stoots, J. S. Herring and J. Hartvigsen

[+] Author and Article Information

J. E. O’Brien

Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls, ID 83415jzo@inel.gov

C. M. Stoots, J. S. Herring

Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls, ID 83415

J. Hartvigsen

Ceramatec, Inc. 2425 S 900 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84037

J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol 3(2), 213-219 (Oct 19, 2005) (7 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2179435 History: Received July 19, 2005; Revised October 19, 2005

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Abstract

An experimental study is under way to assess the performance of solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of $800 - 900 ° C$ . Results presented in this paper were obtained from a ten-cell planar electrolysis stack, with an active area of $64 {cm}^{2}$ per cell. The electrolysis cells are electrolyte supported, with scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolytes ( $\sim 140 μ m$ thick), nickel-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, and manganite air-side electrodes. The metallic interconnect plates are fabricated from ferritic stainless steel. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet mole fractions (0.1–0.6), gas flow rates $(1000 - 4000 sccm)$ , and current densities $(0 - 0.38 A ∕ {cm}^{2})$ . Steam consumption rates associated with electrolysis were measured directly using inlet and outlet dewpoint instrumentation. Cell operating potentials and cell current were varied using a programmable power supply. Hydrogen production rates up to $100 Nl ∕ h$ were demonstrated. Values of area-specific resistance and stack internal temperatures are presented as a function of current density. Stack performance is shown to be dependent on inlet steam flow rate.

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References

National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, 2004, "The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs", February.

Yildiz, B., and Kazimi, M. S., 2003, “Nuclear Energy Options for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Based Liquid Fuels Production,” Report No. MIT-NES-TR-001, September.

International Atomic Energy Agency1999, “Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier and its Production by Nuclear Power,” IAEA-TECDOC-1085, May.

O’Brien, J. E., Stoots, C. M., Herring, J. S., and Lessing, P. A., 2004, “Characterization of Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells for Hydrogen Production via High-Temperature Steam Electrolysis,” "Proceedings, 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology", June 14–16, Rochester, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, Paper No. 2474, pp. 219–228.

Herring, J. S., O’Brien, J. E., Stoots, C. M., Lessing, P. A., Anderson, R. P., Hartvigsen, J. J., and Elangovan, S., 2004, “Hydrogen Production From Nuclear Energy via High-Temperature Electrolysis,” 2004 International Conference on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP ‘04) , June 13–17, Pittsburgh,.

Herring, J. S., O’Brien, J. E., Stoots, C. M., Lessing, P. A., Anderson, R. P., Hartvigsen, J. J., and Elangovan, S., 2004, “Hydrogen Production Through High-Temperature Electrolysis Using Nuclear Power,” AIChE Spring National Meeting, New Orleans, April 25–29.

O’Brien, J. E., Stoots, C. M., Herring, J. S., and Lessing, P. A., 2004, “Performance Measurements of Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells for Hydrogen Production From Nuclear Energy,” "Proceedings, 12th ICONE Meeting", April 25–29, Arlington, VA, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, Paper No. ICONE12–49479.

Reid, R. C., Prausnitz, J. M., and Sherwood, T. J., 1997, "The Properties of Gases and Liquids", 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.

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Interconnect plate and single electrolysis cell

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Figure 4

Interconnect plate and single electrolysis cell

Ten-cell stack mounted on fixture for testing at INL

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Figure 5

Ten-cell stack mounted on fixture for testing at INL

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Figure 6

Stack open-cell potential during heatup

Stack operating potential as a function of current density

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Figure 7

Stack operating potential as a function of current density

Per-cell area-specific resistance measured during DC potential sweeps

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Figure 8

Per-cell area-specific resistance measured during DC potential sweeps

Stack temperatures measured during DC potential sweep

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Figure 11

Stack temperatures measured during DC potential sweep

Schematic of experimental apparatus for electrolysis stack testing

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Figure 1

Schematic of experimental apparatus for electrolysis stack testing

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Figure 2

High-temperature electrolysis hardware

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Figure 3

Ten-cell electrolysis stack

Hydrogen production rates during DC potential sweep

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Figure 9

Hydrogen production rates during DC potential sweep

Electrolysis efficiencies as a function of operating voltage

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Figure 10

Electrolysis efficiencies as a function of operating voltage

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O’Brien JE, Stoots CM, Herring JS, Hartvigsen JJ. Hydrogen Production Performance of a 10-Cell Planar Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack. ASME. J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. 2005;3(2):213-219. doi:10.1115/1.2179435.

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Hydrogen Production Performance of a 10-Cell Planar Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack

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