The influence of the current collector on the performance of a hybrid direct carbon fuel cell (HDCFC), consisting of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a molten carbonate–carbon slurry in contact with the anode, has been investigated using current–voltage curves. Four different anode current collectors were studied: Au, Ni, Ag, and Pt. It was shown that the performance of the direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is dependent on the current collector materials, Ni and Pt giving the best performance, due to their catalytic activity. Gold is suggested to be the best material as an inert current collector, due to its low catalytic activity.
Issue Section:
Technical Brief
References
1.
Deleebeeck
, L.
, and Hansen
, K. K.
, 2014
, “Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cells and Their Reaction Mechanisms—A Review
,” J. Solid State Electrochem.
, 18
(4
), pp. 861
–882
.2.
Deleebeeck
, L.
, and Hansen
, K. K.
, 2014
, “HDCFC Performance as a Function of Anode Atmosphere (N2-CO2)
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 161
(1
), pp. F33
–F46
.3.
Chien
, A. C.
, Arenillas
, A.
, Jiang
, C.
, and Irvine
, J. T. S.
, 2014
, “Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Operated on Coal and Effect of Operation Mode
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 161
(5
), pp. F588
–F593
.4.
Elleuch
, A.
, Sahraoui
, M.
, Boussetta
, A.
, Halouani
, K.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2014
, “2-D Numerical Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Electrochemical Mechanisms Coupled With Heat and Mass Transfer in a Planar Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
,” J. Power Sources
, 248
, pp. 44
–57
.5.
Adeniyi
, O. D.
, and Ewan
, B. C. R.
, 2012
, “Electrochemical Conversion of Switchgrass and Poplar in Molten Carbonate Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
,” Int. J. Ambient Energy
, 33
(4
), pp. 204
–208
.6.
Xu
, X.
, Zhou
, W.
, Liang
, F.
, and Zhu
, Z.
, 2013
, “A Comparative Study of Different Carbon Fuels in an Electrolyte-Supported Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
,” Appl. Energy
, 108
, pp. 402
–409
.7.
Xu
, X.
, Zhou
, W.
, Liang
, F.
, and Zhu
, Z.
, 2013
, “Optimization of a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell for Operation Below 700 °C
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 38
(13
), pp. 5367
–5374
.8.
Elleuch
, A.
, Yu
, J.
, Boussetta
, A.
, Halouani
, K.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2013
, “Electrochemical Oxidation of Graphite in an Intermediate Temperature Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Based on Two-Phases Electrolyte
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 38
(20
), pp. 8514
–8523
.9.
Elleuch
, A.
, Boussetta
, A.
, Yu
, J.
, Halouani
, K.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2013
, “Experimental Investigation of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Fueled by Almond Shell Biochar: Part I. Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Biochar Fuel and Cell Performance Examination
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 38
(36
), pp. 16590
–16604
.10.
Elleuch
, A.
, Bousetta
, A.
, Halouani
, K.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2013
, “Experimental Investigation of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Fueled by Almond Shell Biochar: Part II. Improvement of Cell Stability and Performance by Three-Layer Planar Configuration
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 38
(36
), pp. 16605
–16614
.11.
Yu
, J.
, Yu
, B.
, and Li
, Y.
, 2013
, “Electrochemical Oxidation of Catalytic Grown Carbon Fiber in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Using Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-Carbonate Electrolyte
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 38
(36
), pp. 16615
–16622
.12.
Cantero-Tubilla
, B.
, Xu
, C.
, Zondlo
, J. W.
, Sabolsky
, K.
, and Sabolsky
, E. M.
, 2013
, “Investigation of Anode Configurations and Fuel Mixtures on the Performance of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFCs)
,” J. Power Sources
, 238
, pp. 227
–235
.13.
Yun
, U. J.
, Jo
, M. J.
, Lee
, J. W.
, Lee
, S. B.
, Lim
, T. H.
, Park
, S. J.
, and Song
, R. H.
, 2013
, “Operating Characteristics of a Tubular Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Based on a General Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
, 52
(44
), pp. 15466
–15471
.14.
Tang
, Y.
, and Liu
, J.
, 2010
, “Effect of Anode and Boudouard Reaction Catalysts on the Performance of Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 35
(20
), pp. 11188
–11193
.15.
Xie
, Y.
, Tang
, Y.
, and Liu
, J.
, 2013
, “A Verification of the Reaction Mechanism of Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
,” J. Solid State Electrochem.
, 17
(1
), pp. 121
–127
.16.
Wang
, C. W.
, Liu
, J.
, Zeng
, J.
, Yin
, J. L.
, Wang
, G. L.
, and Cao
, D. X.
, 2013
, “Significant Improvement of Electrooxidation Performance of Carbon in Molten Carbonates by the Introduction of Transition Metal Oxides
,” J. Power Sources
, 233
, pp. 244
–251
.17.
Dudek
, M.
, and Tomczyk
, P.
, 2011
, “Composite Fuel for Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
,” Catal. Today
, 176
(1
), pp. 388
–392
.18.
Nabae
, Y.
, Pointon
, K. D.
, and Irvine
, J. T. S.
, 2009
, “Ni/C Slurries Based on Molten Carbonates as a Fuel for Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 156
(6
), pp. B716
–B720
.19.
Li
, C.
, Shi
, Y.
, and Cai
, N.
, 2010
, “Performance Improvement of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell by Introducing Catalytic Gasification Process
,” J. Power Sources
, 195
(15
), pp. 4660
–4666
.20.
Wang
, M.-J.
, Gray
, C. A.
, Reznek
, S. A.
, Mahmud
, K.
, and Kutsovsky
, Y.
, 2004
, “Carbon Black
,” Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
, 4th ed., Wiley
, Hoboken, NJ
, pp. 761
–803
.21.
Malinowska
, B.
, Cassir
, M.
, Delcorso
, F.
, and Devynck
, J.
, 1995
, “Behaviour of Nickel Species in Molten Li2CO3 + Na2CO3 + K2CO3. Part 1. Thermodynamic Approach and Electrochemical Characterization Under P(CO2) = 1 atm
,” J. Electroanal. Chem.
, 389
, pp. 21
–29
.22.
Wyatt
, M.
, and Fisher
, J. M.
, 1988
, “Control of Corrosion in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells—The Application of Platinum Group Metals in Anode Components
,” Platinum Met. Rev.
, 32
(4
), pp. 200
–203
.23.
Qingfeng
, L.
, Borup
, F.
, Petrushina
, I.
, and Bjerrum
, N. J.
, 1999
, “Complex Formation During Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Molten Alkali Carbonates
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 146
(7
), pp. 2449
–2454
.24.
Ippolito
, D.
, Deleebeeck
, L.
, and Hansen
, K. K.
, 2014
, “Effect of CeO2 Infiltration on the Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Performance
,” ECS Trans.
, 61
(1
), pp. 255
–267
.25.
Ruflin
, J.
, Perwich
, A. D.
, II, Brett
, C.
, Berner
, J. K.
, and Lux
, S. M.
, 2012
, “Direct Carbon Fuel Cell: A Proposed Hybrid Design to Improve Commercialization Potential
,” J. Power Sources
, 213
, pp. 275
–286
.26.
Nishina
, T.
, Takahashi
, M.
, and Uchida
, I.
, 1990
, “Gas Electrode Reactions in Molten Carbonate Media. IV. Electrode Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrogen Oxidation in (Li + K)2CO3 Eutectic
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 137
(4
), pp. 1112
–1121
.27.
Deleebeeck
, L.
, Ippolito
, D.
, and Hansen
, K. K.
, 2015
, “Enhancing Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Anode Performance Using Ag2O
,” Electrochim. Acta
, 152
, pp. 222
–239
.28.
Deleebeeck
, L.
, Ippolito
, D.
, and Hansen
, K. K.
, 2014
, “Catalytic Enhancement of Solid Carbon Oxidation in HDCFCs
,” ECS Trans.
, 61
(1
), pp. 225
–234
.29.
Kaklidis
, N.
, Kyriakou
, V.
, Garagounis
, I.
, Arenillas
, A.
, Menendez
, J. A.
, Marnellos
, G. E.
, and Konsolakis
, M.
, 2014
, “Effect of Carbon Type on the Performance of a Direct and Hybrid Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
,” RCS Adv.
, 4
, pp. 18792
–18800
.30.
Jiang
, C.
, Ma
, J.
, Bonaccorso
, A. D.
, and Irvine
, J. T. S.
, 2012
, “Demonstration of High Power, Direct Conversion of Waste-Derived Carbon in a Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
,” Energy Environ. Sci.
, 5
(5
), pp. 6973
–6980
.31.
Bonaccorso
, A. D.
, and Irvine
, J. T. S.
, 2012
, “Development of Tubular Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cell
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 37
(24
), pp. 19337
–19344
.32.
Xu
, X.
, Zhou
, W.
, and Zhu
, Z.
, 2014
, “Stability of YSZ and SDC in Molten Carbonate Eutectics for Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
,” RSC Adv.
, 4
(5
), pp. 2398
–2403
.33.
Lee
, J.-Y.
, Song
, R.-H.
, Lee
, S.-B.
, Lim
, T.-H.
, Park
, S.-J.
, Shul
, Y. G.
, and Lee
, J.-W.
, 2014
, “A Performance Study of Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cells: Impact of Anode Microstructure
,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy
, 39
(22
), pp. 11749
–11755
.34.
Predtechensky
, M. R.
, Varlamov
, Y. D.
, Ul'yankin
, S. N.
, and Dubov
, Y. D.
, 2009
, “Direct Conversion of Solid Hydrocarbons in a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
,” Thermophys. Aeromech.
, 16
(4
), pp. 601
–610
.35.
Li
, C.
, Shi
, Y.
, and Cai
, N.
, 2011
, “Effect of Contact Type Between Anode and Carbonaceous Fuels on Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Reaction Characteristics
,” J. Power Sources
, 196
(10
), pp. 4588
–4593
.36.
Chien
, A. C.
, and Chuang
, S. S. C.
, 2011
, “Effect of Gas Flow Rates and Boudouard Reactions on the Performance of Ni/YSZ Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells With Solid Carbon Fuels
,” J. Power Sources
, 196
(10
), pp. 4719
–4723
.37.
Nabae
, Y.
, Pointon
, K. D.
, and Irvine
, J. T. S.
, 2008
, “Electrochemical Oxidation of Solid Carbon in Hybrid DCFC With Solid Oxide and Molten Carbonate Binary Electrolyte
,” Energy Environ. Sci.
, 1
(1
), pp. 148
–155
.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.