... process. In this paper, a general strain-hardening material model and analytic expressions for calculating the expansion pressure and the residual contact pressure, considering the effect of the initial clearance and the material strain hardening, have been derived. The results predicted by the present...

... of the rolled tube and on the strength of the tube-tubesheet joint. The FEA results show that for zero tube projection (flush) the initial clearance effect is dependent on the strain-hardening capability of the tube material. For low strain-hardening tube material the interfacial pressure remains constant well...