... by supplying heat energy to a working fluid during reduced radiation availability. Hence, the experimentation is conducted under two dissimilar flowrate conditions, such as 150 and 300 liters per hour (LPH), with and without the porous material receiver. The findings of this research demonstrate that receivers...

... the experimental data and incorporating the effect of variable flowrate, water depth, and the number of tubes. An optimum flowrate range ∼0.006–0.007 kg/s/tube is found irrespective of the number of tubes and basin water depth to extract optimal energy. The flowrate is validated with other experiments, carried out...