... walls to fins has been used to obtain an equivalent simplified geometry, where the heat transfer rate is the same as that in the real engine. The cylinder body, cylinder head (both provided with fins), and piston have been numerically analyzed and optimized in order to minimize engine dimensions...

...C. A. Finol; D. A. Parker; K. Robinson A simple model from first principles has been developed to estimate the heat transferred from the piston rings and skirt to the cylinder wall. The model considers the various forms in which heat is transferred from the combustion gases to the containing walls...